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Tlapa History 5
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The institution of the state of Guerrero like so, occurred like result of a
long process of gestation under diverse conditions of geographic, political,
military, demographic and social type, that already had begun long time back.
The territory that occupies the organization at the moment was qualified by
grups nomadic that crossed the different regions in search of food and refuge,
does more than twenty thousand years. In the present state territory, the old
inhabitants reached a remarkable progress, although its identity is controversy
cause, since for some authors, such olmecas who formed the region of the Gulf of
Mexico also inhabited some regions of the organization.
The influence olmeca is unobjectionable, as much by its cosmovisión of the
world, like by the characteristic of the " Man Jaguar ". Another
essential characteristic of the influence olmeca was the group of the dispersed
villages, the construction of ceremonial temples and the establishment of a
political, cultural and religious organization administered by priests who were
assuming government functions. More ahead, the culture mezcala assimilated and
incorporated to its style the teotihuacano cultural model in its ceramics; it
integrated in some places the ball game, that had a ritual character, and
incorporated his artistic elements to the stone sculpture.
In century VIII, another group got to enrich the cultural mosaic of the
organization; they were the toltecas, heirs of the teotihuacana culture, who had
by the mountain ranges of the north the main front door to their commercial
route. Its fundamental contribution was to spread to the alloy techniques, fused
and metallic mineral work, mainly in the Hot Earth region and the Great Coast.
For century XIV, towns with their own cultural characteristics were based
already in the diverse territory of the organization, coexisting some of pacific
way and others in constant warlike conflicts. Between most important they were
purépechas, cuitlaltecas, ocultecas and matlatzincos, in the Hot Earth; the
chontales, mazatlecos and tlahuicas in the Nort Mountain range; coíxcas and
tepuztecos in Central Valleys; the tlapanecos and the
mixtecos in the Mountain; jopis, mixtecos and amuzgos in the Small Coast, and
tolimecas, chubias, pantecas and cuitlaltecas in the Great Coast.
Once Tenochetitlán was destroyed and the submissive mexicas, the Pacific Ocean
attracted the attention of the conquerors, escencilmente by economic reasons. In
1519 Courteous Hernán ordered that the province of Zihuatlán or Zacatula was
explored, as the conquerors called, to make sure of the existence of the Sea of
the South and the gold wealth and to per them; the expedition was in charge of
Gonzalo de Umbría. By the end of 1520, same the Courteous one commanded to
recognize the region taxque6na, with the intention of locating metals to fuse
artillery pieces. This way, the armed penetration was formalizing the conquest
of the territory sure6no, that did not offer great resistance, due to the fear
that had waked up the news of the fall of Tenochtitlán.
When being satisfied the first political division of the New Spain, in the
second third of century XVI, settled down the Real Hearing and the territory of
the New Spain in five provinces was divided, within which Greater Groups of
judges and Mayorships settled down, than they intended to watch the order of the
towns and to regulate the relations between the indigenous Spaniards and
communities. This way the greater mayorships of Tlapa
under the jurisdiction of the province of Puebla settled down in the territory
sure6no; Taxco, Equals, Chilapa and Acapulco of the one of Mexico and Zacatula
under province of Valladolid.
The evangelización was mainly carried out by the agustinos friars in the zone
Center, the Mountain and Hot Earth and by the franciscanos in the North zone,
the Coast Grande and Acapulco.
Into second half of century XVII the Spanish government transformed the
political organization replacing the hearings by Intendance and the mayorships
by parties.
The three long centuries of coloniaje developed an atmosphere pre-revolutionary
and a deep feeling of liberation in the suriano town, that I explode with the
insurgent movement. Diverse conspiracies made by Creoles occurred, most
significant was the one of Valladolid in the 1809, in which Maria Izazaga
participated to Don Jose, original of the property Rosary, in the present
municipality of Coahuayutla. This conspiracy was discovered but the following
year, in 1810, it occurred most important. The conspiracy that was organized by
the priest Miguel Hidalgo, managed to raise the first movement armed against the
Spanish colonialista power.
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In 1811, Hidalgo comisionó to Jose
Maria Morelos to raise in arms to the south, conscious in
the importance that had for the cause the port of Acapulco. |